Solar panel tsvina yakarongedzerwa kuwedzera neinopfuura 4000 per cent mumakore gumi ari kutevera.Iyo solar panel recycling indasitiri yakagadzirira kubata mavhoriyamu aya?Nekuda kwemapaneru matsva ari kuwedzera zvakanyanya uye zvigadzirwa zvishoma, nhangemutange iripo.
Solar panelkudzokorodza kuri kuita dambudziko chairo.Yakakosha kuUK's net zero zano, simba rezuva isarudzo inogara uye yakagadzikana yemabhizinesi nedzimba, uye iri kukura nekukurumidza.
Muna 2021, UK yakawedzera 730MW yehutsva hwezuva, ichitora huwandu hwese kusvika ku14.6GW, kuwedzera kwe5.3 muzana kubva 2020, uye - muchikamu chechipiri cha2022 - simba rezuva rakapa 6.4 muzana yemagetsi ese eUK.Mukati meKubvumbi's Energy Security Strategy, Dhipatimendi reBusiness, Energy uye Industrial Strategy (BEIS) yakasimbisa kuti, panosvika 2035, kuendeswa kwezuva kuUK kunotarisirwa kuwedzera kashanu, kutora huwandu hwese kusvika ku70GW: inosvika gumi neshanu muzana yezvakafungidzirwa zveUK. (uye kuwedzera) magetsi zvinodiwa, maererano naMcKinsey.
Nyaya iri kubuda ndeyekuita nezve solar panel kana vasvika kumagumo ehupenyu hwavo hwemakore makumi matatu.Sezvo kukura kwemusika kuri kuramba kuchikwira mune ramangwana, ndizvo zvichaitawo murwi uri kukura wemarara ezuva.Sekureva kweInternational Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), iyo UK inofungidzirwa kuburitsa matani makumi matatu ezviuru emarara ezuva mumakore gumi anotevera.Uyezve, kuvhiya kwemapaneru asina kushanda kunofungidzirwa kuti kucharova pamusika muma2030s, aposolar panelkubva mumireniyamu yakatanga kuderera.IRENA inofanotaura kuti tsvina yepasi rose kubva kune solar panel ichange iri pakati pemamiriyoni 1.7 nemamiriyoni masere ematani muna 2030.
Kupfuurirazve, kungangoita bhodhoro mukupihwa kwezvinhu zvakabikwa, nekudiwa kwemapanera akaiswa kupfuura kuwanikwa kwemhandara.
Dzvinyiriro iri kuvakira iyo solar panel recycling indasitiri kuti iwedzere kugona kwayo kuitira kuti ibate kukwira kwemapanera asisashande uye kutsigira kugadzirwa kwesolar panels itsva.Muna Chikunguru, Sam Vanderhoof, nyanzvi yeindasitiri yezuva, akataura kuti - pasi rose - imwe chete mugumi mafotovoltaic (PV) mapaneru anodzokororwa uye mamwe achipera mukurasira, zvakare achitaura nezve data kubva kuIRENA.
Regulation & kutevedzera
MuUK,solar panels dzakarongwa zviri pamutemo seZvemagetsi neErekitironiEquipment(EEE), pasi peChikamu chakatsaurirwa 14. Sezvo zvakadaro, PV panels yakafukidzwa neWaste EEE (WEEE) Regulations;Kupera kwehupenyu hwavo kunotariswa uye kuvandudzwa kwesimba resolar panel recycling infrastructure kwave kutoenderera mberi.
Vagadziri veSolar panel vanosungirwa kujoinha Producer Compliance Scheme (PCS), vachizivisa matani akaunzwa kumusika uye nekuwana manotsi ekutevedza kuti vavhare kudzokororwa kweremangwana kwezvikamu izvozvo.Ivo vanofanirwawo kumaka zvigadzirwa kupa kuraira vashandisi uye nzvimbo dzekurapa dzekuumbwa kwezvinhu uye kuraswa kwakaringana.
Saizvozvo, vagoveri vanofanirwa kuunganidza-yekupedzisira-yehupenyu zvigadzirwa.Vanofanirwa kuve nekutora-kudzosera maitiro ePV tsvina kana kupa kune chirongwa chakatenderwa neHurumende chekudzorera.
Nekudaro, sekureva kwaScott Butler, Chief Executive weMaterial Focus, iyo NGO inopihwa mari kubva kuWEEE miripo yekuteerera, pane zvimwe zvakasiyana zvinozokanganisa kudzoreredzwa kwemapanera ezuva: mhuri.Kunyange chiri chigadzirwa chemumba, hachisi chinhu icho vanhu vazhinji vachakwanisa kuzvibata.
"Ini ndinofungidzira kuti kubviswa kunofanirwa kusanganisira nyanzvi yakanyoreswa yemagetsi emagetsi ... uye anogona kunge ari kiyi yekugadzirisa iyi [marara].Kunyange zvingave zvakaoma nekuti havana kugadzirira kubata tsvina, hazvina kuoma kudaro kuva mutakuri wemarara. "
Butler anocherekedza kuti solar panels zvave kusvika kumagumo ehupenyu zvinogona kuratidza kunetsa kudzokorodza nekuda kwekusiyana kwekugadzira: "Panyaya yekudzokororazve, ndinofunga dambudziko nePVs richave rekunzwisisa chemistry nekuti, kunyanya pakutanga, kune akawanda akasiyana makemikari musanganiswa ari kuitika.Zvinhu zvichatanga kubuda izvozvi zvatokura, makore makumi maviri inguva refu.Saka pamwe pane mukaha weruzivo ungangoda kuvharwa kuti ndiani akaisa chii pamusika uye chii. ”
Kudzokorora maitiro
Maitiro ekudzokorodza mapaneru anosiyana zvichienderana neyakagadzirwa solar panel, yakajairika iyo iri silicon-based.Inozivikanwa nekugona kwavo uye kuchinjika, silicon solar mapaneru akaumba chikamu che73.3 muzana chemusika muna 2020;firimu rakatetepa rakaita 10.4 muzana uye mapaneru akagadzirwa kubva kune zvimwe zvinhu (dhayi-sensisitised, concentrated photovoltaic, organic mahybrids) anomiririra 16.3 muzana yasara (Chowdhury et al, 2020).
Kana yaunganidzwa, cheroPV panelzvakaoma disassemble.Iyo aluminium furemu uye bhokisi rejunction rinogona kubviswa zviri nyore;chikamu chinonetsa ndeye laminated flat glass sheet, iyo ine yakaderera yakawanda yeferrous uye isina-ferrous simbi, mapurasitiki uye semiconductor zvinhu.Nezve mhinduro dzekurapa, dambudziko harisi rehunyanzvi, se pyrolysis, cryogenic separation (chando), uye mechanical shredding iripo senzira dzekuparadzanisa dzezvinhu zvakasiyana.Dambudziko guru nderekuti mapaneru ePV haaburitse tsvina yakafanana nemarara ekurongedza kana zvinobatika nehupenyu hupfupi.Nokudaro, mubvunzo mukuru ndewehupfumi: ndiani achaisa mari mumutsara wekurapa uyo asina ruzivo rwekuti tsvina ichasvika rinhi?
Mapaneru akaonda-firimu anosanganisira maitiro ekurapa, ayo anoda mamwe matanho ekudzoreredza simbi yekomboni 'cadmium telluride' zvine mutsindo.Nepo sarudzo isinganyanyi kufarirwa, mapaneru akaonda-mafirimu ane hunyanzvi hwekushandisa zvinhu, imba yakaonda semiconductor, kuchengetedza pamutengo uye kabhoni panguva yekugadzira.Aya mapaneru anoita zvirinani muchiedza chakaderera uye pamakona 'akanyanya', anobatsira kune yakatwasuka uye nemafacade.
Kuti udzore zvinhu, firimu rakatetepa PV mapaneru anochekwa kuti abvise lamination, mashadhi akasimba uye emvura asati aparadzaniswa nekona inotenderera.Firimu racho rinobva rabviswa pachishandiswa asidhi neperoxide, kwozoteverwa nekubviswa kwe interlayer zvinhu zvine vibration, asi girazi nesimbi zvasara zvinoparadzaniswa zvodzorerwa.
Solar panel recycling pamwero
Kunyangwe zvirongwa zvazvino zvekudzokorodza zviri kukura zvishoma nezvishoma, parizvino chete 80 kusvika 95 muzana yemidziyo yesolar panel inoita kuti idzokororwe inodzoserwa.Kufambisira mberi izvi, kambani yekudzora marara Veolia iri kutungamira chirongwa chekuunza yakazara solar panel recycling pachiyero cheindasitiri, muchirongwa chirikuenderera mberi chinotsigirwa neEIT RawMaterials.ReProSolar iri kugadzira nzira inoshanda kwazvo yekudzokorodza magumo-e-hupenyu mapaneru, achibvumira kuti ese silicon-based PV module zvikamu zvidzorerwe.
Kushandisa delamination tekinoroji kuparadzanisa solar cell kubva mundiro yegirazi, maitiro emuviri uye emakemikari anodzoreredza zvese zvinhu, zvinosanganisira sirivha yakachena nesilicon, pasina kuparadza maPV module.
Mukubatana neFLAXRES GmbH uye ROSI Solar, maviritekinoroji makambanivari kugadzira nzira nyowani dzekuti vatore zviwanikwa kubva kuPV mapaneru, chirongwa ichi chichayedza kuitika pamwero weindasitiri mukupera kwegore, nematani zviuru zvishanu zvemaPV modules akabviswa gore negore pachiratidzo chirimwa muGermany muna 2024.
Kutengeserana nzira yakakwana yekudzokorodza kwakakosha pakusangana nedambudziko razvino remusika, kuunza huwandu hwakasimba hwezvakadzoreredzwa zvePV mapaneru kuti asangane nekuwedzera kuri kuda mapaneru uye kubata mavhoriyamu anokwira emarara esolar.
Zvakawanda mabhenefiti ehupfumi anogona kuitwa kubva mukudzoreredza-yakakwirira-kukosha PV mapaneru zvikamu sezvo kudiwa kunowedzera.Sirivha, semuenzaniso, ichiverengera 0.05 muzana yehuremu hwepaneru, inoita 14 muzana yemutengo wayo wemusika.Mamwe masimbi anokosha uye anodzoreredzwa anosanganisira aluminium, mhangura, uye tellurium.Sekureva kweRystad Energy, nepo zvinhu zvakadzoserwa kubva kumagumo ehupenyu PV mapaneru parizvino akakosha madhora zana nemakumi manomwe emamiriyoni, anofanirwa kunge achikosha kudarika mabhiriyoni mazana maviri nemazana manomwe emadhora muna 2030.
Kugadziridzazve solar panel
Pamusoro pezvinhu zvitsva zvepasi rose zvekudzokorodzazve solar panel, dhizaini yemapanera iri kufungidzirwa zvakare nekushandisazve mupfungwa.The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) yakaburitsa yavo ichangobva kugadzirwa 'Design for Recycling' (D4R) solar panels muna Zvita 2021, akagadzirwa akananga kumagumo ehupenyu.Iwo mapaneru, ane akaedzwa makore makumi matatu ehupenyu, akagadzirirwa nyore disassembly pasina zvinokuvadza zvikamu.
Iwo mapaneru, akaputirwa neadhesive foil, anobata yakasanganiswa inokonzeresa michina yekuparadzanisa maseru nemafuremu.Nzira yacho ishoma-simba uye haisanganisi zvinhu zvine chepfu.
Tsvagiridzo iyi inochengeterwa mapurojekiti maviri, chekutanga chiri chirongwa cheDEREC, chakafunga uye chakaedza mapaneru eD4R padiki diki kuti ave nechokwadi chekuputswa kwakachena zvichitevera hupenyu hwesevhisi.Iyo purojekiti yePARSEC inozosimudza tekinoroji kusvika kuzere-saizi D4R mapaneru ekutengesa uye ekugara.
Kunyange zvazvo ari mapaneruyakagadzirwamakore anoda kusvika makumi matatu apfuura izvo zvinounza dambudziko razvino kune vanogadzira zvakare, D4R mapaneru anogona kurerutsa mapaneru ekudzokorodza kufambisa indasitiri mberi.Uye, mukuwedzera kune mapaneru matsva, iyo consortium iri kutsvagisa nzira dzekudzokorodza dzeazvino solar panel modhi, kuwana yakachena silicon kutora kuti ishandiswezve.
Mukupedzisa
Mukuwedzera, izvi zvitsva zvinoratidza chivimbiso mukutarisa kwavo kushambadzira, kunyangwe kunetseka kuchiripo chekuti chiyero chinodiwa chichazadzikiswa here, nemavhoriyamu emapaneru akapera uye kudiwa kwezvitsva kuri kuwedzera.Nekudaro, kana kuedza kwekutengesa kukafamba zvakanaka, uye kana hurongwa hwekugadzira mapaneru kubva kuzvinhu zvakadzoserwa zvakakwana hunogona kuunzwa, iyo solar panel indasitiri iri kutarisa hupfumi hwakatenderera.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-11-2023